evilhangman/src/evilhangman.cpp

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDir>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

const std::string ALPHABET = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

const char *const FORMAT_UNDERSCORE = "\033[4m";
const char *const END_FORMATTING = "\033[0m";
const char *const DICTIONARY_NAME = "../../../dictionary.txt";

std::string input(const char *message) {
    if (message != nullptr)
        std::cout << message;

    std::cout << FORMAT_UNDERSCORE;
    std::flush(std::cout);

    std::string ret;
    std::getline(std::cin, ret);
    std::cout << END_FORMATTING;
    return ret;
}

int inputNumber(const char *message) {
    while (true) {
        std::string userInput = input(message);
        if (userInput.empty())
            continue;
        bool isNumber = std::all_of(userInput.begin(), userInput.end(),
                                    [](const char c) { return std::isdigit(c); });
        if (isNumber)
            return std::stoi(userInput);

        std::cout << "The input '" << userInput << "', is not a number"
                  << std::endl;
    }
}

std::string fileRead(const std::string &filePath) {
    std::ifstream file(filePath, std::ios::binary);
    if (!file.is_open())
        throw std::runtime_error("File couldn't be found");

    std::string content;
    const int BUF_LENGTH = 1024;
    char buf[BUF_LENGTH];
    while (file.read(buf, BUF_LENGTH))
        content.append(buf, file.gcount());
    content.append(buf, file.gcount());

    if (!file.eof() && file.fail())
        throw std::runtime_error("Error: Failed to read the file '" + filePath +
                                 "'");

    return content;
}

std::vector<std::string> readDictionary(size_t wordLength) {
    std::string dictionaryPath = QDir(QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath())
                                     .filePath(DICTIONARY_NAME)
                                     .toStdString();
    std::string fileContent = fileRead(dictionaryPath);
    std::vector<std::string> ret;
    size_t last = 0, idx;
    while ((idx = fileContent.find('\n', last)) != std::string::npos) {
        std::string sub = fileContent.substr(last, idx - last);
        last = idx + 1;
        if (sub.size() == wordLength)
            ret.push_back(sub);
    }

    ret.push_back(fileContent.substr(last));
    return ret;
}

template <typename T>
inline void printContainer(std::vector<T> &container, const char *sep) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < container.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << container[i];
        if (sep != nullptr && i != container.size() - 1)
            std::cout << sep;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}
template <typename T> inline void printContainer(std::vector<T> &container) {
    printContainer<T>(container, nullptr);
}

char getGuess() {
    while (true) {
        std::string guess = input("Guess a character: ");
        if (guess.size() != 1) {
            std::cout << "The guess must be EXATCLY one character!" << std::endl;
            continue;
        }
        if (!std::isalpha(guess[0])) {
            std::cout
                << "The guess cannot be anything else than an alphanumeric character!"
                << std::endl;
            continue;
        }
        return guess[0];
    }
}

std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>
getWordFamilies(const std::vector<std::string> &words,
                const std::vector<char> &previousGuesses, const char guess) {
    static const char NO_SELECTION = '-';

    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> families;

    for (const std::string &word : words) {
        std::string key;
        key.reserve(word.length());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
            const char at = word[i];
            bool isGuessedChar = at == guess;
            bool isPreviouslyGuessed =
                std::find(previousGuesses.begin(), previousGuesses.end(), at) !=
                                       std::end(previousGuesses);

            key.push_back((isGuessedChar || isPreviouslyGuessed) ? at : NO_SELECTION);
        }

        // indexing operator will create a default (empty) vector if it doesn't
        // exist
        families[key].push_back(word);
    }

    return families;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    std::cout << "Welcome to Hangman." << std::endl;

    int wordLength = inputNumber("How long should the word be: ");
    size_t maxAttempts = inputNumber("How many guesses do you want? ");
    bool showRemainingWords;
    {
        std::string aux = input("Should I tell you my thoughts? (y/N): ");
        std::transform(aux.begin(), aux.end(), aux.begin(), ::tolower);
        showRemainingWords = aux == "y" || aux == "yes";
    }

    std::vector<std::string> dictionary = readDictionary(wordLength);
    std::string guessProgress(wordLength, '-');
    std::cout << "Word: " << guessProgress << std::endl;

    std::vector<char> guessedChars;
    size_t wrongAttempts = 0;
    bool hasWon = false, hasLost = false;

    do {
        char guess;
        while (true) {
            std::cout << "(wrong attempts: " << wrongAttempts << '/' << maxAttempts
                      << ") ";
            guess = getGuess();
            bool guessIsUnique = std::find(guessedChars.begin(), guessedChars.end(),
                                           guess) == std::end(guessedChars);
            if (guessIsUnique)
                break;
            else
                std::cout << "You've already guessed '" << guess << "'!" << std::endl;
        }

        // Only update the word families if we're not in the endgame
        if (dictionary.size() > 1) {
            std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> families =
                getWordFamilies(dictionary, guessedChars, guess);

            using Entry = std::pair<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>;
            auto biggestEntry = std::max_element(
                families.begin(), families.end(), [](const Entry &a, const Entry &b) {
                    return a.second.size() < b.second.size();
                });
            guessProgress = biggestEntry->first;
            dictionary = biggestEntry->second;
        } else {
            std::string &word = dictionary[0];
            for (size_t i = 0; i < word.size(); i++) {
                if (word[i] != guess)
                    continue;
                guessProgress[i] = guess;
            }
        }

        if (showRemainingWords) {
            std::cout << "Possible words: ";
            printContainer(dictionary, ", ");
        }

        bool wasCorrect = guessProgress.find(guess) != std::string::npos;
        if (wasCorrect) {
            std::cout << "Correct!" << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "Wrong!" << std::endl;
            wrongAttempts++;
        }

        guessedChars.push_back(guess);

        std::cout << "Used letters: ";
        printContainer(guessedChars, " ");
        std::cout << "Word: " << guessProgress << std::endl;

        // Check if all the characters in the final word have been guessed
        hasWon = std::all_of(guessProgress.begin(), guessProgress.end(),
                             [](char c) { return c != '-'; });
        hasLost = wrongAttempts == maxAttempts;

    } while (!hasWon && !hasLost);

    const char *out = hasWon ? "congratulations! You've won! 🎉" : "you lost.";
    std::cout << "The word was '" << dictionary[0] << "', " << out
              << std::endl;

    return 0;
}